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CLOUD COMPUTING
ORIGIN OF THE TERM:
The origin of the term cloud computing is unclear. The expression cloud is commonly used in science to describe a large agglomeration of objects that visually appear from a distance as a cloud and describes any set of things whose details are not inspected further in a given context.
- Meteorology: a weather cloud is an agglomeration.
- Mathematics: a large number of points in a coordinate system in mathematics is seen as a point cloud.
- Astronomy: stars that appear crowded together in the sky are known as nebula (Latin for mist or cloud), e.g. the Milky Way.
- Physics: The indeterminate position of electrons around an atomic kernel appears like a cloud to a distant observer.
In analogy to above usage the word cloud was used as a metaphor for the Internet and a standardized cloud-like shape was used to denote a network on telephony schematics and later to depict the Internet in computer network diagrams. The cloud symbol was used to represent the Internet as early as 1994,in which servers were then shown connected to, but external to, the cloud symbol.
Cloud computing is a colloquial expression used to describe a variety of different types of computing concepts that involve a large number of computers connected through a real-time communication network (typically the Internet).
Cloud computing is a jargon term without a commonly accepted unequivocal scientific or technical definition. In science, cloud computing is a synonym for distributed computing over a network and means the ability to run a program on many connected computers at the same time.
The phrase is also, more commonly used to refer to network-based services which appear to be provided by real server hardware, which in fact are served up by virtual hardware, simulated by software running on one or more real machines. Such virtual servers do not physically exist and can therefore be moved around and scaled up (or down) on the fly without affecting the end user - arguably, rather like a cloud.
The popularity of the term can be attributed to its use in marketing to sell hosted services in the sense of application service provisioning that run client server software on a remote location.